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The assembly language sleep instruction does for a PIC what the End instruction does for the BASIC Stamp; it shuts down the clock oscillator, halting program execution and reducing current draw to a few microamperes. If the PIC's watchdog timer is disabled (by a _wdt_off switch in the _config directive), that's it until the PIC is reset.
However, if the watchdog timer is on, the PIC will reawaken at the next timeout. If you want a watchdog-protected PIC to stay asleep, you must include code that checks the timeout and power-down bits (to and pd) for 00 and immediately puts the PIC back to sleep. See the section on the Sleep instruction for more information.
See also:
http://www.piclist.com/techref/microchip/time.htm
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