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"PIC'n Techniques" is an intermediate level applications guide covering Microchip Technology's PIC microcontrollers. The book describes the unique features of the 8-pin microcontrollers. The use of timer 1, timer 2 and the capture/compare/PWM (CCP) module is detailed, followed by timing, counting and pulse width modulation (PWM) experiments. These experiments include producing a single time interval output, free running pulse output, event counting, time measurement, frequency measurement and PWM. Some of these techniques are illustrated further by experiments which show how to design and build simple digital pulse and frequency generators and time interval and frequency measurement instruments. The book also explains how to establish serial communication between a PIC chip and a PC via a RS-232 conversion circuit and a terminal program. These techniques are used in a digital voltmeter/data logger experiment for uploading data to a PC for display plus graphing using a spreadsheet program. "PIC'n Techniques" illustrates techniques used in designing and building intermediate level microcontroller-based instrumentation and systems.

INTRODUCTION

 8-PIN MICROCONTROLLERS - PIC12C508

 

PIC12C508 pins and functions

Packages

Clock oscillator

Configuration bits

Reset

Port

GPIO register

TRIS register

Architecture

Program memory

File registers
Stack
Reset vector
OSCCAL calibration constant
   Internal clock applications
   External clock applications

OSCCAL considerations and rules restated

Program counter
Option register
Status register

Timing and counting
PIC12C508 programming example - internal clock
PIC12C508 programming example - external clock

TEST EQUIPMENT FOR TIMING AND COUNTING EXPERIMENTS

 

Test equipment for detecting a short single pulse and measuring it's width

Pulse generator - 32 microseconds

Pulse generator - 128 microseconds

Pulse generator - 2000 microseconds

Pulse generator - 65280 microseconds

Test equipment for generating a frequency output

USING TIMER 1, TIMER 2 AND THE CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM (CCP) MODULE

 

PIC16C63 test circuit

Before we take off

TMR2: 8-bit timer

TMR2 description

How to choose/select mode of operation
Interrupts
TMR2 applications
   Free running mode (via TMR2 interrupt)
   Free running mode (via period register)

TMR1: 16-bit timer/counter and capture/compare module

TMR1/CCP module simplified

TMR1 description

CCP module - capture mode

CCP module - compare mode

CCP module - PWM mode

How to choose/select mode of operation

   T1CON register
   CCP1CON register

Interrupts

Reading and writing TMR1

Long time intervals

Controlling the CCP1 pin in compare mode

More than one way to do timing stuff

Timing and counting experiments

Free running output (via TMR1 interrupt)

Event counting (via TMR1)

   Count events, read TMR1 contents
   Capture TMR1 count when external event occurs
   Count events up to predetermined number and generate an output (compare)

Single time interval output (via TMR1 and CCP, compare mode)

   Start TMR1, auto end
      500 milliseconds
      128 microseconds

Free running output (via TMR1 and CCP, compare mode)

      Clear TMR1 each cycle
      Free running TMR1, add interval value to compare register each cycle

Time measurement (period/interval/time between events)

      (via TMR1 read)(interval input via port pin)

      (via TMR1 and CCP, capture mode)(interval input via CCP1 pin,

      two captures,subtract)

Frequency measurement (via TMR1, gate via TMR0)

External 32,768 Hz watch crystal-based clock for TMR1

Pulse width modulation (PWM) using TMR2 and the CCP module

Analog output - increase/decrease buttons - PWM - 8-bit mode

Duty cycle - 10-bit mode

Analog output - increase/decrease buttons - PWM - 10-bit mode

DESIGNING AND BUILDING YOUR OWN TEST EQUIPMENT

 

Keypad/LCD user interface

5-digit decimal to 16-bit binary entry program

Using the 5-digit decimal to 16-bit binary entry program

Digital pulse generator
Digital frequency generator
Time interval measurement instrument
Frequency measurement instrument
Creating your own combination signal generator and measurement instrument

TALKING TO A PIC16 WITH A PC VIA A TERMINAL PROGRAM

 

"U-turn" experiment

PC-to-PC "2-lane highway" experiment

Importing a text file into a spreadsheet program

Windows 3.x

Windows 95

PC/PIC

PC baud rates

Modify ser_in subroutine

Modify ser_out subroutine

PIC to PIC at 4800 baud, LSB first

RS-232 interface for PIC16

RS-232 converter circuit using MAX233

PC to PIC serial communication

Display one ASCII character via 8 LEDs

PIC to PC serial communication

Send one ASCII character

Code for formatting PIC16 data on a PC screen
Sending a text file

PC to PIC/LCD

Control characters

Sending a text file (control characters and data)

SIMPLE DIGITAL VOLTMETER EXPERIMENT

 

SIMPLE DATA LOGGER EXPERIMENT

 

Main program

Data logging
Display data sequentially via LCD
Uploading data to a PC
Code
Operating procedure
Spreadsheet and graphing data - Windows 3.x
Spreadsheet and graphing data - Windows 95

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